Monday, April 30, 2007

Future development

Current event marker This article or section contains information about scheduled or expected future software.
The content may change dramatically as the software release approaches and more information becomes available.
Software Development


According to the Firefox roadmap, future development will include version 3.0. Development on version 3.0, which will be based on Gecko 1.9, occurs simultaneously on the Mozilla trunk. Newer versions of Firefox will use the Cairo graphics library as the rendering layer instead of the platform's native rendering engine.[85]

[edit] Version 3.0

The logo of Minefield development trunk builds
The logo of Minefield development trunk builds
Minefield - Pre-alpha release of Gran Paradiso/ Firefox 3
Minefield - Pre-alpha release of Gran Paradiso/ Firefox 3

The development name for Mozilla Firefox 3 is Gran Paradiso.[86] The precursory releases were codenamed "Minefield", as this was the name of the trunk builds. "Gran Paradiso" (trans. "Great Paradise"), like other Firefox development names, is an actual place; in this case the highest mountain group in the Graian Alps. With the release of version 3.0 alpha 1 on December 8, 2006, it adopted the "Gran Paradiso" codename.[87][88][89] A post on the Mozilla Wiki "Release Roadmap" from President of Products Christopher Beard suggests a release in November 2007.[90]

The largest known change for Firefox 3 is the implementation of Gecko 1.9, an updated layout engine. It will also provide CSS3 columns.[91] Firefox 3 will include features that were bumped from Firefox 2, such as the overhauled Places system for storing bookmarks and history in an SQLite backend, according to the wiki.[92]

Due to lack of support for Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, and Windows NT 4.0 in Cairo, and because Microsoft decided to end support for Windows 98 and Windows Me on July 11, 2006, Firefox 3 will not run on those operating systems. The Mac version of Firefox 3 will only run on OS X 10.3 or higher.[93][94] Unlike previous versions, Firefox 3 on Mac OS X will use a Cocoa widget implementation.[95]

There is also advanced ongoing work focused on further implementation of features from Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group specification.[96][97][98] In particular, support for the controversial[99][100] "ping"[101] attribute in and HTML elements is implemented and enabled by default.[102] The only purpose of this additional attribute is tracking clicking on links.[101][102] LWN.net notes that "ping" has advantages over current click-tracking techniques because it can more reliably get the user to their intended destination and the user has the option of turning the "ping" feature off.[103] The development team is asking users to submit feature requests that they wish to be included in Firefox 3.[104]

Version 3 is also expected to include native support for microformats.[105]

[edit] Version 4.0

On October 13, 2006, Brendan Eich, Mozilla's Chief Technology Officer, wrote about the plans for Mozilla 2.0, the platform on which Firefox 4.0 is likely to be based. These changes include improving and removing XPCOM APIs, switching to standard C++ features, just-in-time compilation with JavaScript 2 (known as the Tamarin project), and tool-time and runtime security checks.[106][107]

[edit] End of life

The following are the end of life dates for various versions of Firefox.

Critical reception

Forbes.com called Firefox the best browser in a 2004 commentary piece.[55] PC World named Firefox the "product of the year" in 2005 on their "100 Best Products of 2005" list.[56] After the release of Firefox 2 and Internet Explorer 7 in 2006, PC World reviewed both and announced that Firefox was the better browser.[57]

Internet Week ran an article in which many readers reported high memory usage in Firefox 1.5.[58] Mozilla developers said the higher memory use of Firefox 1.5 is at least partially an effect of the new fast backwards-and-forwards (FastBack) feature.[59] Other known causes of memory problems are misbehaving extensions, such as Google Toolbar and some old versions of Adblock,[60] or plug-ins, such as older versions of Adobe Acrobat Reader.[61] When PC Magazine compared memory usage of Firefox, Opera and Internet Explorer, they found that Firefox seemed to use only about as much memory as the other browsers.[62] Tests performed by PC World and Zimbra indicate that Firefox 2 uses less memory than Internet Explorer 7.[57][63]

Softpedia notes that Firefox takes longer to start up than other browsers,[64] which was confirmed by browser speed tests. IE also launches slightly faster than Firefox on Microsoft Windows since many of its components are built into Windows and are loaded during system startup. As a workaround for the issue, a preloader application was created that loads components of Firefox on startup, similar to Internet Explorer.[65]

[edit] Relationship with Google

The Mozilla Corporation's corporate relationship with Google[66][67] has been noted in the media, especially with regards to use of Firefox to provide revenues and data for Google. The release of the anti-phishing protection in Firefox 2 especially raised controversy.[68] Enabled by default anti-phishing protection is based on a list that is regularly (approximately each half hour) updated and downloaded to the user's computer[69] from Google's server (the user cannot change the data provider within the GUI[70] nor is informed who the default data provider is). Browser also sends Google's cookie with each request for update.[71] The "advanced" security feature of builds by the Mozilla Foundation activate an anti-phishing feature to provide live protection and, according to the Mozilla Wiki,[72] send each visited URL to Google[73] (the user must explicitly opt-in for it). Barring Internet privacy issues over such anti-phishing protection, there are concerns on how Google may use the data, even though Firefox's privacy policy states that Google may not use personal information for any purposes other than the anti-phishing protection feature.[69] On the other hand, Google admits that it "may share aggregated non-personal information with third parties outside of Google".[74]

In 2005, the Mozilla Foundation and Mozilla Corporation had a combined revenue of US$52.9 million. Approximately 95 percent of this revenue[75] was related to their search engine relationships.[76]

[edit] Response from competition

Despite Firefox's gains on Internet Explorer, Microsoft's head of Australian operations, Steve Vamos, stated in late 2004 that he did not see Firefox as a threat and that there was not significant demand for the feature set of Firefox among Microsoft's users.[77]

Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates has used Firefox, but he has commented "so much software gets downloaded all the time, but do people actually use it?"[78] A Microsoft SEC filing on June 30, 2005 acknowledged that "competitors such as Mozilla offer software that competes with the Internet Explorer Web browsing capabilities of our Windows operating system products."[79]

Despite the cold reception from Microsoft's top management the Internet Explorer development team does have a healthy relationship with Mozilla. They meet regularly to discuss web standards such as validation certificates.[80] In 2005 Mozilla agreed to allow Microsoft to use its RSS logo in the interest of common graphical representation of the RSS feature.[81]

In August 2006, Microsoft offered to help Mozilla integrate Firefox with the then-forthcoming Windows Vista,[82] which Mozilla accepted.[83]

In October 2006, as congratulations for a successful ship of Firefox 2, the Internet Explorer 7 development team sent a cake to Mozilla.[84]

Market adoption

Main article: Market adoption of Mozilla Firefox

Usage share of Mozilla Firefox over time
Usage share of Mozilla Firefox over time

Web-surfers have adopted Firefox rapidly, despite Internet Explorer coming pre-installed with every copy of the Windows OS. Internet Explorer has seen a steady decline of its usage share since Firefox's release. According to Dutch web analytics firm OneStat, by July 2006, Firefox was the second most widely-used browser, with 12.93% of global usage share.[50] By March 2007, according to data made available by U.S. firm NetApplications, Firefox's market share had grown to 15.1% globally.[51]

Downloads have continued at an increasing rate since Firefox 1.0 was released in November 2004, and as of February 12, 2007 Firefox has been downloaded over 300 million times. This number does not include downloads using software updates or from third-party websites.[52] They do not represent a user count, as one download may be installed on many machines, or one person may download the software multiple times. Mozilla Vice President of Products Christopher Beard estimates that Firefox had 70 million to 80 million users as of October 2006.[53]

With Microsoft releasing version 7 of Internet Explorer ("IE7") that same month, Firefox's share growth might have been expected to slow, but as of January 2007, IE7 has instead gained share mostly at the expense of older versions of IE.[54]

Advertising

The rapid adoption of Firefox, 100 million downloads in its first year of availability,[46] followed a series of aggressive marketing campaigns starting in 2004 with a series of events Blake Ross and Asa Dotzler called "marketing weeks".[47]

On September 12, 2004,[48] a marketing portal dubbed "Spread Firefox" (SFX) debuted along with the Firefox Preview Release, creating a centralized space for the discussion of various marketing techniques. The portal enhanced the "Get Firefox" button program, giving users "referrer points" as an incentive. The site lists the top 250 referrers. From time to time, the SFX team or SFX members launch marketing events organized at the Spread Firefox website.

The "World Firefox Day" campaign started on July 15, 2006[49]�the anniversary of the founding of the Mozilla Foundation�and ran until September 15, 2006. Participants registered themselves and a friend on the website for nomination to have their names displayed on the Firefox Friends Wall, a digital wall that will be displayed at the headquarters of the Mozilla Foundation.

Licensing

Firefox is free/open source software, and is tri-licensed under the Mozilla Public License (MPL), GNU General Public License (GPL), and the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). These licenses permit anyone to view, modify and/or redistribute the source code, and several publicly released applications have been built on it; for example, Netscape, Flock and Songbird make use of code from Firefox.

The official end-user builds of Firefox distributed from mozilla.com are licensed under the Mozilla EULA.[2] Several elements do not fall under the scope of the tri-license and have their use restricted by the EULA, including the trademarked Firefox name and artwork, and the proprietary Talkback crash reporter. Because of this and the clickwrap agreement included in the Windows version, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) consider these builds proprietary software.[40]

In the past, Firefox was licensed solely under the MPL,[41] which the FSF criticizes for being weak copyleft; the license permits, in limited ways, proprietary derivative works. Additionally, code under the MPL cannot legally be linked with code under the GPL or the LGPL.[42][43] To address these concerns, Mozilla re-licensed Firefox under the tri-license scheme of MPL, GPL, and LGPL. Since the re-licensing, developers have been free to choose the license under which they will receive the code, to suit their intended use: GPL or LGPL linking and derivative works when one of those licenses is chosen, or MPL use (including the possibility of proprietary derivative works) if they choose the MPL.[41]

[edit] Trademark and logo issues

The generic globe logo used when Firefox is compiled without the official branding
The generic globe logo used when Firefox is compiled without the official branding

The name "Mozilla Firefox" is a registered trademark; along with the official Firefox logo, it may only be used under certain terms and conditions. Anyone may redistribute the official binaries in unmodified form and use the Firefox name and branding for such distribution, but restrictions are placed on distributions which modify the underlying source code.[44]

To allow distributions of the code without using the official branding, the Firefox source code contains a "branding switch". This switch allows the code to be compiled without the official logo and name, for example to produce a derivative work unencumbered by restrictions on the Firefox trademark. In the unbranded compilation the trademarked logo and name are replaced with a freely distributable generic globe logo and the name of the release series from which the modified version was derived. The name "Deer Park" is used for derivatives of Firefox 1.5 and "Bon Echo" for derivatives of Firefox 2.0.

Outside of certain exceptions made for "community editions", distributing modified versions of Firefox under the "Firefox" name requires explicit approval from Mozilla for the changes made to the underlying code, and requires the use of all of the official branding. For example, it is not permissible to use the name "Firefox" without also using the official logo. The Debian project notably fell afoul of this, by using the name "Mozilla Firefox" but not the official logo, in a modified distribution (because of restrictions on its use, the Debian Free Software Guidelines did not permit Debian to use the logo). Although Debian claimed to have reached a prior agreement which would have allowed this, they were told in 2006 by a representative of the Mozilla Foundation that this was not acceptable, and asked to either comply with the published trademark guidelines or cease using the "Firefox" name in their distribution.[45] Ultimately, Debian switched to branding their modified version of Firefox as Iceweasel.

Features

Main article: Features of Mozilla Firefox

Features included with Firefox are tabbed browsing, incremental find (via the Find toolbar), Live bookmarking, an integrated download manager, and a search system. The user can customize Firefox with downloadable extensions, themes, and advanced preferences not present in the Options dialog that are accessible via the about:config page.[17] The developers of Firefox aimed to produce a browser that "just surfs the web"[18] and delivers the "best possible browsing experience to the widest possible set of people."[19] Firefox provides an environment for web developers in which they can use built-in tools or extensions. These include the built-in JavaScript Console and the DOM Inspector.

[edit] Standards support

Firefox market share
by version
March, 2007[20]
Firefox Betas - 0.04 %
Firefox 1.0 - 0.85 %
Firefox 1.5 - 4.83 %
Firefox 2 - 9.38 %
Total - 15.10 %

Mozilla Firefox supports many software standards, including HTML, XML, XHTML, CSS, ECMAScript (JavaScript), DOM, MathML, DTD, XSLT, XPath, and PNG images with alpha transparency.[21] In addition Firefox supports the SVG standard, however what exists in the current stable version should only be treated as a "technology preview", as it is not a full implementation.[22] Firefox also supports standards proposals created by the WHATWG such as the offline storage[23][24] and canvas element.[25] Although Firefox 2 does not pass the Acid2 standards-compliance test, development builds of Firefox 3 pass the test.[26]

[edit] Security

Firefox uses SSL/TLS to protect communications with web servers using strong cryptography when using the HTTPS protocol.[27] It uses a sandbox security model[28] and the developers use a "bug bounty" scheme, for finding fixes for some security[29] and feature additions. Official guidelines for handling security vulnerabilities discourage early disclosure of vulnerabilities so as not to give potential attackers an advantage in creating exploits.[30]

Because Firefox has fewer and less severe publicly known unpatched security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer (see Comparison of web browsers), improved security is often cited as a reason to switch from Internet Explorer to Firefox.[31][32][33][34] The Washington Post reports that exploit code for critical unpatched security vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer was available for 284 days in 2006. In comparison, exploit code for critical security vulnerabilities in Firefox was available for 9 days before Mozilla shipped a patch to remedy the problem.[35]

A 2006 Symantec study showed that Firefox had surpassed other browsers, including Internet Explorer, in the number of vendor-confirmed vulnerabilities that year through September; these vulnerabilities were patched far more quickly than those found in IE and other browsers.[36] Symantec later clarified their statement, saying that Firefox still had fewer security vulnerabilities, as counted by security researchers.[37] As of April 17, 2007, Firefox 2 has three security vulnerabilities unpatched, the most severe of which was rated "not critical" by Secunia.[38] Internet Explorer has seven security vulnerabilities unpatched, the most severe of which was rated "moderately critical" by Secunia.[39] (Note that the number of "Secunia Advisories" listed for each doesn't reflect on the actual number of vulnerabilities reported for each. Advisory SA23282 for Mozilla Firefox 2.0.x contains multiple vulnerabilities.)

History

Main article: History of Mozilla Firefox

Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross began working on the Firefox project as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project. They believed the commercial requirements of Netscape's sponsorship and developer-driven feature creep compromised the utility of the Mozilla browser.[8] To combat what they saw as the Mozilla Suite's software bloat, they created a pared-down browser, with which they intended to replace the Mozilla Suite. On April 3, 2003, the Mozilla Organization announced that they planned to change their focus from the Mozilla Suite to Firefox and Thunderbird.[9]

The Firefox project has undergone several name changes. Originally titled Phoenix, it was renamed because of trademark issues with Phoenix Technologies. The replacement name, Firebird, provoked an intense response from the Firebird free database software project.[10][11][12] In response, the Mozilla Foundation stated that the browser should always bear the name Mozilla Firebird to avoid confusion with the database software. Continuing pressure from the database server's development community forced another change; on February 9, 2004, Mozilla Firebird became Mozilla Firefox (Firefox for short).[13]

The Firefox project went through many versions before 1.0 was released on November 9, 2004. In addition to stability and security fixes, the Mozilla Foundation released its first major update to Firefox�version 1.5�on November 29, 2005. On October 24, 2006, Mozilla released Firefox 2. This version includes updates to the tabbed browsing environment, the extensions manager, the GUI, and the find, search and software update engines; a new session restore feature; inline spell checking; and an anti-phishing feature which was implemented by Google as an extension[14][15] and later merged into the program itself.[16]

Mozilla Firefox

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Mozilla Firefox

Mozilla Firefox 2 running on Gentoo Linux, displaying the English Wikipedia main page
Maintainer: Mozilla Corporation / Mozilla Foundation
Stable release: 2.0.0.3 (March 20, 2007) [+/-]
Preview release: 3.0a4 (April 27, 2007) [+/-]
OS: Cross-platform
Available language(s): Multilingual,[1] EULA in English only[2]
Use: Web browser
License: Mozilla EULA for binary redistribution
Website: mozilla.com/firefox
Firefox
Main article
Mozilla

FoundationCorporation

Community / Customization

Spread Firefox
Extensions (category)

Forks and Related Projects

FlockIceweasel
Portable EditionNetscape
SwiftfoxTorpark

Origins and Lineage

Mozilla Application SuiteNetscape Communicator
Netscape Communications Corporation
The Book of Mozilla

This box: view talk edit

Mozilla Firefox is a graphical web browser developed by the Mozilla Corporation and a large community of external contributors. Firefox, officially abbreviated as Fx or fx[3] and popularly abbreviated FF,[4] started as a fork of the Navigator browser component of the Mozilla Application Suite. Firefox has replaced the Mozilla Suite as the flagship product of the Mozilla project, under the direction of the Mozilla Foundation.

Mozilla Firefox is a cross-platform browser, providing support for various versions of Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. However, the source code has been unofficially ported to other operating systems, including FreeBSD,[5] OS/2, Solaris, SkyOS, BeOS and more recently, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.[6]

Firefox's source code is freely available under the terms of the Mozilla tri-license as free and open source software. The current stable release of Firefox is version 2.0.0.3, released on March 20, 2007.[7]

Contents

[hide]

Removal

While a major upgrade of Internet Explorer can be uninstalled in a traditional way if the user has saved the original application files for uninstallation, the matter of uninstalling the version of the browser that has shipped with an operating system remains a controversial one.

The idea of removing a stock install of Internet Explorer from a Windows system was first proposed during the United States v. Microsoft case. Critics felt that users should have the right to uninstall Internet Explorer freely just like any other application software. One of Microsoft's arguments during the trial was that removing Internet Explorer from Windows may result in system instability.

The Australian computer scientist Shane Brooks demonstrated that Windows 98 could in fact run with Internet Explorer removed.[20] Brooks went on to develop software designed to customize Windows versions by removing "undesired components", which is known as 98lite. He later created XPLite to support NT based operating systems. Both of these pieces of software can remove IE after the installation of the operating system. However, both of these pieces of software work, in part, by installing obsolete versions of components (such as Windows Explorer) required by the operating system to function.

There are a few popular methods for removing IE from a copy of the Windows install disc so it never touches the user's hard drive. A method developed by Fred Vorck involves the manual removal of IE from installation discs. nLite, on the other hand, is an automated program that allows users to exclude IE and many other Windows components from installation as desired. In some older versions of Windows and in Windows Fundamentals there is an option to install Internet Explorer.

Removing Internet Explorer does have a number of consequences. Some applications that depend on libraries installed by IE may fail to function, or have unexpected behaviors. Intuit's Quicken is a typical example, which depends heavily upon the HTML rendering components installed by the browser. The Windows help and support system will also not function due to the heavy reliance on HTML help files and components of IE. It is also not possible to run Microsoft's Windows Update with any other browser due to the service's implementation of an ActiveX control, which no other browser supports. Another possibility is to use AutoPatcher, an unofficial and unauthorised update manager, which does not require the use of a web browser at all.

"Standalone" Internet Explorer

While it is not officially possible to keep multiple versions of Internet Explorer on the same machine, some hackers have successfully separated several versions of Internet Explorer, making them standalone applications. These are referred to as "standalone" IEs and have included versions 3 through 6.

Microsoft has discontinued standalone installers for Internet Explorer to the general public. However, there are unofficial procedures for downloading the complete install package. Internet Explorer standalone hacks exploit a known workaround to DLL hell, which was introduced in Windows 2000, called DLL redirection.

Market adoption


[edit] Usage share

Further information: Usage share of web browsers
Usage share of Internet Explorer, 1994–2007
Usage share of Internet Explorer, 1994–2007[12]

The adoption rate of Internet Explorer seems to be closely related to that of Microsoft Windows, as it is the default web browser that comes with Windows. Since the integration of Internet Explorer 2.0 with Windows 95 OSR 1 in 1996, and especially after version 4.0's release, the adoption was greatly accelerated: from below 20% in 1996 to about 40% in 1998 and over 80% in 2000. This effect, however, has recently been dubbed the "Microsoft monoculture", by analogy to the problems associated with lack of biodiversity in an ecosystem. By 2002, Internet Explorer had almost completely superseded its main rival Netscape and dominated the market.

After having fought and won the browser wars of the late 1990s, Internet Explorer began to see its usage share shrink. Having attained a peak of about 95% during 2002 and 2003, it has since been in a slow, steady decline, due to the adoption of Mozilla Firefox, which statistics indicate is currently the most significant competition. Nevertheless, Internet Explorer remains the dominant web browser, with a global usage share of around 83% (based on statistics reference). Usage is higher in Asia and lower in Europe. For example, the share is around 94% in Japan,[13] and around 56% in Germany.[14]

[edit] Industry adoption

ActiveX is used by many public websites and web applications, including eBay. Similarly, Browser Helper Objects are also used by many search engine companies and third parties for creating add-ons that access their services, for example, search engine toolbars. Because of the use of COM, it is possible to include web-browsing functionality in third-party applications. Hence, there are a number of Internet Explorer shells, and a number of content-centric applications like RealPlayer also use Internet Explorer's web browsing module for viewing web pages within the applications.

Some exhibits used by theme parks and other venues involving "activities" use Internet Explorer. For instance, the interactive video games at an exhibit in Epcot in Bay Lake, Florida use Internet Explorer [2].

[edit] OS compatibility

IE versions have widely varying OS compatibility, ranging from being available for many platforms and several versions of Windows to just a couple versions of Windows. Many versions of IE had some support for an older OS but stopped getting updates. The increased growth of the Internet in the 1990s and 2000s means that current browsers with small market shares have more total users than the entire market early on. For example, 90% market share in 1997 would be roughly 60 million[15] users, but by the start of 2007 90% market share would equate to over 900 million users.[16] The result is that later versions of IE6 had many more users in total than all the early versions put together. The release of IE7 at the end of 2006 resulted in a collapse of IE6 market share; by February 2007 market version share statistics showed IE6 at about 50% and IE7 at 29%.[17] Regardless of the actual market share, the most compatible version of IE was version IE5, which had Mac, Unix, and most versions of Windows available and supported for a short period in the late 1990s. By 2007, IE had a much narrower OS support, with the latest versions supporting only Windows XP Service Pack 2 and above.

It's not possible to run most older versions of IE if a new version is already installed, even if the standalone installers are available. Since newer versions of IE are installed by default, its not possible using Microsoft downloads and installers to use older versions, even when they are available. The result is that, using Microsoft offered installation methods, the previous version is impossible to run on a new machine. For example, though it was possible to run IE6 on Windows XP, its no longer possible using Microsoft installs and downloads for systems that have IE7 installed.

Browser Years Windows Vista Windows XP Windows 2000 Windows 98/ME Windows NT 4.0 Windows 95 Windows 3.1 IBM OS/2 Mac OS X (Intel/PPC) Mac OS 9 Mac OS 8 System 7 (PPC/68k) Unix (HP-UX, Solaris)
Years (OS) - 2006 2001 2000 1998 1996 1995 1992 1988 2001 1999 1997 1991 (1990s)
IE 7 2006 Included Yes No No No No No No No No No No No
IE 6 (Trident) 2001-2004 No Included (6.0 SP2)* Yes (6.0 SP1) Dropped (6.0 SP1) Dropped (6.0 SP1) No No No No No No No No
IE 4.0 1997-1998 No No Included (5.01) Included (4.01/5.5 SP2) Yes Included** Yes Unknown Dropped (5.2.3) Included Dropped (5.2.3) Included Dropped (5.1.7) Dropped (5.1.7) Dropped * (5.01 SP1)
IE 5.0 1998-2000
IE 3.0 1996-1997 No No No Yes Included Included** Yes Unknown No Yes Included Yes Yes *
IE 2.0 1995 No No No Yes Included (2.0) Included** Yes No Unknown Unknown Unknown Beta (2.0) No
IE 1.0 1995 No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
IE for Mac
(Tasman)
1997-2003 No No No No No No No No Terminated (5.2.3) Dropped (5.1.7) Dropped (5.1.7) No No
IE for UNIX
No No No No No No No No No No No No Terminated (5.01 SP1)

[18][19]

* Internet Explorer 6 SP2 is only available as part of a standalone Windows XP SP2.
** The version of Internet Explorer included with Windows 95 varied by OSR release; 2.0 was included with OSR1, 3.0 was included with OSR2, and 4.0 was included with OSR2.5.